Is age a risk factor for developing MGD?

• A. Not known
• B. Only in large breeds
• C. No
• D. Yes

Answer: (D)

Age influences meibomian gland function. As animals get older, the meibomian glands can undergo functional decline, ductal obstruction from squamous desquamation and hyperkeratinization of the eyelid margin, and changes in lipid quality and secretion. Hormonal shifts and chronic low-grade inflammation that accompany aging further reduce lipid production and disrupt the tear film’s lipid layer. This combination promotes evaporative tear loss and ocular surface irritation, making older animals more likely to develop meibomian gland dysfunction. It’s not a phenomenon restricted to large breeds, and it’s not correct to say age isn’t a factor; age is a recognized, general risk factor for MGD.